Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Jong Myon Bae

20 Articles

Estimating the Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in School Students of Jejudo, Korea.: Jong Myon Bae, Kyung Sue Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(3):171-176.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.3.171

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OBJECTIVES
The frequency of visiting clinics in Jejudo for treating atopic dermatitis (AD) has been reported to be higher than that for other counties of Korea. The aim of this work was to estimate the prevalence of AD for the students of the primary, middle and high schools in Jejudo, Korea. METHODS: We planned to evaluate about 5,000 students, so classes were randomly selected by random systematic sampling methods. The parents of all the students in the selected classes were asked to respond to a structured questionnaire concerned with the prevalence of AD. RESULTS: The prevalence of AD based on ever being diagnosed by a doctor, on currently being diagnosed by a doctor, on ever being treated for AD by a doctor, on currently being treated for AD by a doctor was 25.57% (95% CI=25.3-25.8), 14.67% (95% CI=14.5-14.9), 21.90% (95% CI=21.6-22.2) and 14.41% (95% CI=14.2-14.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: On comparing the prevalence of AD, the students in Jejudo had a higher number of recurrence events in spite of their lower number of cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate these aspects of AD.

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Time trends of the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korea: A systematic literature review
Sung-Yoon Kang, Woo-Jung Song, Sang-Heon Cho, Yoon-Seok Chang
Asia Pacific Allergy.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Children Based on Data From the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ji Hyun Lee, Kyung Do Han, Kyung min Kim, Yong Gyu Park, Jun Young Lee, Young Min Park
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2016; 8(1): 79. CrossRef
Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Children Based on Data From the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ji Hyun Lee, Kyung Do Han, Kyung min Kim, Yong Gyu Park, Jun Young Lee, Young Min Park
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2016; 8(1): 79. CrossRef
The necessity of an observational study on the interactions between allergic history and citrus fruit intake for the prevention of pancreatic cancer
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015028. CrossRef
Prevalence of Allergic Diseases among Korean School-age Children: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Mina Suh, Ho-Hyun Kim, Myung Hyun Sohn, Kyu-Earn Kim, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(3): 332. CrossRef
Geographical and Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Allergic Diseases in Korean Children
Hyejung Lee, Gwang Suk Kim
Asian Nursing Research.2011; 5(1): 1. CrossRef

Explaining Cancer Incidence in the Jejudo Population.: Jong Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(1):67-72.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.1.67

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OBJECTIVES
Using the population-based cancer registry in Jejudo, we found that Jejudo had lower incidence in stomach cancer than other regions in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons for this difference. METHODS: Citrus is the leading agricultural production in Jejudo, suggesting that lower cancer incidence in Jejudo could be explained by citrus fruit intake. We evaluated this hypothesis with quantitative systematic review (QSR). RESULTS: Stomach cancer incidence was significantly lower, with a summary odds ratio (SOR) after QSR of 0.72 [95% CI=0.64-0.81]. In addition, the SOR of pancreatic cancer tended to be lower at 0.83 [95% CI=0.70-0.98]. The SOR of prostate cancer was slightly higher at 1.03 [0.89-1.19]. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative systematic reviews for the effect of citrus fruit intake on cancer occurrence suggested that lower cancer incidence in Jejudo could be explained by intake of citrus fruits.

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The study for the Epidemiologic Characteristics of Cancer Patients in Jeju Special Self-governing Province
Weon-Young Chang
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(2): 1292. CrossRef
The necessity of an observational study on the interactions between allergic history and citrus fruit intake for the prevention of pancreatic cancer
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015028. CrossRef
Citrus Fruit Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Jung-Kook Song, Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Breast Cancer.2013; 16(1): 72. CrossRef
Extracts from Citrus unshiu promote immune-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in a murine renal cell carcinoma model
Sanggon Lee, Jehyeon Ra, Ju-Young Song, ChangHo Gwak, Ha-Jeong Kwon, Sung-Vin Yim, Seon-Pyo Hong, Jinju Kim, Kun-Hee Lee, Jeong-Je Cho, Yong Seek Park, Cheung-Seog Park, Hyun-Jong Ahn
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2011; 133(3): 973. CrossRef

Citrus Fruits Intake and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Quantitative Systematic Review.: Jong Myon Bae, Eun Ja Lee, Gordon Guyatt; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(3):159-164.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.3.159

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between dietary intake of citrus fruits and prostate cancer risk. METHODS: Authors searched electronic databases and the reference lists of publications of diet and prostate cancer studies until August 2007. All of the epidemiological studies that obtained individual data on dietary intake of citrus fruits and presented risk estimates of the association between intake of citrus fruits and risk of prostate cancer were identified and included. Using general variance-based methods, study-specific odds ratios (OR)/ relative risk (RR) and associated confidence interval (CI)/ standard error (SE) for highest versus lowest intake of citrus fruits level were extracted from each paper. RESULTS: Eleven articles including six case-control studies, one nested case-control study and four cohort studies, proved eligible. Overall summary OR using random effect model did not show an association in risk of prostate caner with intake of citrus fruits (summary OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.89-1.19) with large heterogeneity across studies that we were unable to explain (I(2)=67.88%). The summary ORs in case-control studies and cohort studies were 1.10 (95% CI=0.97-1.22) and 1.05 (95% CI=0.96-1.14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled results from observational studies did not show an association between intake of citrus fruits and the risk of prostate cancer, although results vary substantially across studies.

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A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition
Ardalan Pasdaran, Azar Hamedi, Sara Shiehzadeh, Azadeh Hamedi
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2023; 54: 311. CrossRef
Association of Serum Carotenoids and Retinoids with Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Prostate Cancer or Clinical Indication for Biopsy in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Susan Chadid, Xiaoling Song, Jeannette M. Schenk, Bora Gurel, M. Scott Lucia, Ian M. Thompson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Phyllis J. Goodman, Howard L. Parnes, Scott M. Lippman, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Elizabeth A. Platz
Nutrition and Cancer.2022; 74(1): 141. CrossRef
Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Jie Wang, Jing Gao, Hong-li Xu, Ying Qian, Li Xie, Herbert Yu, Bi-yun Qian
Pharmacological Research.2021; 166: 105430. CrossRef
Citrus fruits intake and oral cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Santa Cirmi, Michele Navarra, Jayne V. Woodside, Marie M. Cantwell
Pharmacological Research.2018; 133: 187. CrossRef
Citrus Fruit Intake Substantially Reduces the Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Anqiang Wang, Chengpei Zhu, Lilan Fu, Xueshuai Wan, Xiaobo Yang, Haohai Zhang, Ruoyu Miao, Lian He, Xinting Sang, Haitao Zhao
Medicine.2015; 94(39): e1390. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus 16 infection as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer: an adaptive meta-analysis
Jong-Myon Bae
Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015005. CrossRef
Effect of Citrus bergamia juice on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in metastatic xenograft models
M. Navarra, M.R. Ursino, N. Ferlazzo, M. Russo, U. Schumacher, U. Valentiner
Fitoterapia.2014; 95: 83. CrossRef
Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study
Faezeh Askari, Mehdi Kardoust Parizi, Mahsa Jessri, Bahram Rashidkhani
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(13): 5223. CrossRef
Citrus fruit and cancer risk in a network of case–control studies
Roberto Foschi, Claudio Pelucchi, Luigino Dal Maso, Marta Rossi, Fabio Levi, Renato Talamini, Cristina Bosetti, Eva Negri, Diego Serraino, Attilio Giacosa, Silvia Franceschi, Carlo La Vecchia
Cancer Causes & Control.2010; 21(2): 237. CrossRef
Explaining Cancer Incidence in the Jejudo Population
Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(1): 67. CrossRef

Survival Rates of the 5 Major Cancers in Jeju Island Residents, 2000-2001.: Yeong Ja Yang, Jong Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(3):213-217.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.3.213

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OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to calculate the survival rates of cancer patients in Jeju Island residents from 2000 to 2001, based on their major primary sites of occurrence. METHODS: Data were extracted from the database of the Jejudo Cancer Registry (JCR). The eligible population comprised 2,382 cancer cases, whose cancers were diagnosed from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2001. Of the eligible population, 1,438 patients with 5 major cancers defined by the level of incidence rates were selected as the study participants. The period of survival for each case was calculated from the date of first diagnosis to the date of death, or the end of follow-up, i.e., 31 December 2003. The observed survival rates (OSR) and relative survival rates (RSR) were calculated according to sex, age-group, and primary sites of occurrence. RESULTS: The 3-year OSR and RSR in 5 major cancers were higher in women than in men except 75 year-old over group. The 3-year RSR of stomach, colorectum, liver, and lung in both sexes were 61.0%, 62.6%, 24.7%, and 22.8%, respectively. The respective rates in JCR showed some statistically significant differences from those in the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). CONCLUSIONS: These results would suggest some clues about prognostic factors of major cancers in Korean, and could apply to planning and evaluating of cancer control strategies in Jeju Island.

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The study for the Epidemiologic Characteristics of Cancer Patients in Jeju Special Self-governing Province
Weon-Young Chang
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(2): 1292. CrossRef
Characteristics of Gastric Cancer in Korea - with an Emphasis on the Increase of the Early Gastric Cancer (EGC)
Ki Joo Kang, Jun Haeng Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(4): 283. CrossRef
Explaining Cancer Incidence in the Jejudo Population
Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(1): 67. CrossRef

Estimation of a Nationwide Statistics of Hernia Operation Applying Data Mining Technique to the National Health Insurance Database.: Sunghong Kang, Seok Kyung Seo, Yeong Ja Yang, Aekyung Lee, Jong Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(5):433-437.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for estimating a nationwide statistic for hernia operations with using the claim database of the Korea Health Insurance Cooperation (KHIC). METHODS: According to the insurance claim procedures, the claim database was divided into the electronic data interchange database (EDI_DB) and the sheet database (Paper_DB). Although the EDI_DB has operation and management codes showing the facts and kinds of operations, the Paper_DB doesnjt. Using the hernia matched management code in the EDI_DB, the cases of hernia surgery were extracted. For drawing the potential cases from the Paper_DB, which doesnjt have the code, the predictive model was developed using the data mining technique called SEMMA. The claim sheets of the cases that showed a predictive probability of an operation over the threshold, as was decided by the ROC curve, were identified in order to get the positive predictive value as an index of usefulness for the predictive model. RESULTS: Of the claim databases in 2004, 14,386 cases had hernia related management codes with using the EDI system. For fitting the models with applying the data mining technique, logistic regression was chosen rather than the neural network method or the decision tree method. From the Paper_DB, 1,019 cases were extracted as potential cases. Direct review of the sheets of the extracted cases showed that the positive predictive value was 95.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that applying the data mining technique to the claim database in the KHIC for estimating the nationwide surgical statistics would be useful from the aspect of execution and cost-effectiveness.; Summary

Relative Survival Rate.: Jong Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(3):217-219.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.; Summary

Evaluation of Field Epidemiology Specialist Training Program Based on the Satisfaction and the Changes of Educational Needs.: No Rai Park, Ihn Sook Jeong, Jong Gu Lee, Young Taek Kim, Jin Ho Chun, Ki Soon Kim, Sang Soo Bae, Jong Myon Bae, Gyung Jae Oh, Hee Chul Ohrr, Kun Sei Lee, Byung Kook Lee, Hun Jae Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Young Hwangbo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(1):80-87.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the learning achievement and satisfaction levels for the Field Epidemiology Specialist Training Program (FESTP), on infectious disease control between March 19 and October 31, 2002. METHODS: The FESTP was designed as a set of 84 hours curricula including lectures, discussions, self-studies, and field practicals, and organized both centrally and locally by the Division of Communicable Disease Control of the National Institute of Health and 11 universities. Before and after the program, a questionnaire survey on the educational need (49 items) and satisfaction (15 items) was conducted on 484 trainees, who were responsible for communicable disease control and immunization at 242 regional health centers. The data were analyzed with paired t-tests for comparison of the educational needs between the pre and post scores. RESULTS: The average score for satisfaction was 3.06 out of 5.0; with relatively higher scores for sincerity (4.10) and professionalism (4.01) of the tutors, adequacy (3.54) and clearness (3.51) of the evaluation criteria, usefulness (3.54) and fitness (3.52) of the contents, but with relatively lower satisfaction for schedule (2.96) and self-studies (2.91). The average for requirement for education improved, as shown by the decrease from 2.72 to 2.22 (p< .0001) with the biggest decrease in the outbreak investigation from 2.60 to 2.08. CONCLUSION: The FESTP was evaluated as being effective, the trainees showed moderate satisfaction and decrease educational needs. However, the actual schedules and self-studies should be rearranged to improve the satisfaction level.; Summary

H2 Receptor Antagonists and Gastric Cancer in the Elderly: A Nested Case-Control Study.: Yooni Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Seung Mi Lee, Kyoung Eun Youn, Hye Won Koo, Jong Myon Bae, Byoung Joo Park; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):245-254.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To test if the intake of H2 receptor antagonists (H2-RAs) increases the risk of gastric cancer in the elderly. METHODS: The source population for this study was drawn from the responders to a questionnaire survey administered to the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC), who were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, were at least 65 years old, and residing in Busan in 1993. The information on H2-RAs exposure was obtained from a drug prescription database compiled between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 1994. The cases consisted of 76 gastric cancer patients, as confirmed from the KMIC claims data, the National Cancer Registry and the Busan Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998. Cancer free controls were randomly selected by 1:4 individual matching, which took in to consideration the year of birth and gender. Information on confounders was collected by a mail questionnaire survey. The odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: After adjusting for a history of gastric ulcer symptoms, medication history, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (aOR) was 4.6 (95% CI=1.72-12.49). The odds ratio of long term use (more than 7 days) was 2.3 (95% CI=1.07-4.82). The odds ratio of short term use was 4.6 (95% CI=1.26-16.50). The odds ratio of parenteral use was 4.4 (95% CI=1.16-17.05) and combination use between the oral and parenteral routes (aOR, 16.8; 95% CI=1.21-233.24) had the high risk of gastric cancer. The aOR of cimetidine was 1.7 (95% CI=1.04-2.95). The aOR of ranitidine was 2.0 (95% CI=1.21-3.40). The aOR of famotidine was 1.7 (95% CI=0.98-2.80). CONCLUSION: The intake of H2-RAs might increase the risk of gastric cancer through achlorhydria in the elderly.; Summary

The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Teachers of Child-bearing Age in Cheju Island.: Jong Myon Bae, Hyun Jong Yang, Seong Chul Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(4):444-446.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Toxoplasmosis is a member of the zoonosis group and may cause congenital infection. Antibody positive rates of toxoplasmosis were examined in high school students in Cheju, Korea to facilitate the study aim of examining the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in school teachers of child-bearing age in Cheju Island. METHODS: The study population comprised teachers of child-bearing age in primary, middle and high schools, aged 35 years and younger, who wished to be tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) by the indirect latex agglutination test (ILA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: The overall antibody positive rate was 3.8% in the study subjects (n=314), a rate which showed no significant difference due to birth place, history of bringing up pets, or history of contacting a cat. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a population of child-bearing teachers in Cheju Island was the same as that previously reported in other parts of Korea.; Summary

A Survey of the Prevalence of Rubella Antibodies in Teachers of Child Bearing Age on Cheju Island .: Jong Myon Bae, Hyun Jong Yang, Seong Chul Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(3):280-284.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can be controlled by vaccination. Because rubella is typically a childhood disease, occurring predominantly in the 5 to 14 year age group, female school teachers may be a high-risk population for CRS. CONCLUSIONS: To determine the prevalence rate of rubella antibodies in school teachers of child bearing age. METHODS: The study population consisted of primary, middle and high school teachers of child bearing age. The subjects were aged 35 years and younger, and consented to immunoglobulin (Ig) level testing using the ELISA method. RESULTS: The positive rate of IgG was 77.9% in the study subjects (n=314). Sixty-three teachers (21.4%) were susceptible to rubella infection. Thirty-seven teachers (11.8%) had a history of rubella vaccination. Among the female teachers with no vaccination history, the proportion of negative IgM and IgG was 21.7%, and the proportion of positive IgM was 2.9%. Seventy-nine percent of the study subjects did not know that they should not become pregnant for three months after receiving the rubella vaccine. CONCLUSION: School teachers of child bearing age should be considered a high risk group for CRS, and should be vaccinated if they are found to be seronegative.; Summary

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in High School Students in Cheju Province .: Seong Chul Hong, Hyun Jong Yang, Jong Myon Bae, Hyun Sik Choi, Hwan Sik Hwang, Hoon Kyu Oh, Dong Hyun Yun; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(3):271-279.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in high school students in Cheju Province, Korea. METHODS: A total of 4,570 high school students from 18 schools in Cheju Province were investigated for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies(IgG) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Risk factors for toxoplasmosis, such as place of residence, type of house, contact with cats and other pets, and rare meat consumption, were examined by questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall antibody positive rate was 5.5% and ranged from 2.6 to 11.5% by school. There was no significant difference between males and females. Statistical analyses of the questionnaire data indicated that the risk factors for seropositivity were: (1) birth place (Cheju/others), (2) place of residence (rural/urban), (3) dietary habits (vegetarian/non vegetarian), (4) eating rare meat, (5) exposure to pets and (6) hepatitis B. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody in a population of high school students in Cheju Province was to the previously reported prevalence.; Summary

Incidence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Middle-aged Men: Seoul Cohort DM Follow-up Study.: Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon Ok Ahn, Sung Woo Park, Moon Gi Choi, Dae Sung Kim, Moo Song Lee, Myung Hee Shin, Jong Myon Bae; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(4):526-537.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
It is known that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) appears to be rapidly increasing in recent times in Korea, presumably due to a westernized diet and change of life style followed by rapid economic growth. Based on the Seoul male cohort which was constructed in 1993, this study was conducted to estimate the annual incidence rates of DM through 4 years' follow up and to determine which factors are associated with DM risk in Korean middle-aged men. METHODS: Among 14,533 men recruited at baseline, 559 were excluded because they reported a history of diabetes or were found to be diabetes at 1992 routine health examination. During 4 years follow-up, 237 incident DM cases were ascertained through chart reviews and telephone contacts for those who have ever visited hospitals or clinics under suspicion of DM during 1993-1996 and the biennial routine health examinations in 1994 and 1996. RESULTS: In this study the annual incidence of DM among the study population was estimated to be 0.5 per 100. This study showed that fasting glucose level at initial baseline examination was a powerful predictor of risk for diabetes several years later(fasting blood glucose of > or = 110 mg/dl compared with < or = 80 mg/dl, Hazard Ratio[HR]=15.6, 95% Confidence interval[CI]=9.1-26.6) after considering potential covariates such as age, family history, smoking and alcohol history, body mass index, physical activity, total energy intake, and total fiber intake. Adjusted hazard ratios of family history of diabetes was 1.95(95% CI=1.38-2.75); of obesity as measured by BMI(BMI > or = 25.3 compared with < or = 21.3) was 7.19(95% CI=3.75-13.8); of weight change during middle life(>10kg compared with 5) was 1.77(95% CI=1.16-2.69); of smoking(current vs none) was 1.93(95% CI=1.06-3.51); and fat intake(upper tertile compared with lower tertile) was 1.88(95% CI=1.01-3.49), while fiber intake was associated with the reduced risk(HR=0.36, 95% CI=0.19-0.67). CONCLUSION: The factors identified in this study indicate that the greatest reduction in risk of diabetes might be achieved through population-based efforts that promote fiber intake and reduce obesity, smoking, and fat intake.; Summary

A Nested Case-Control Study on the High Normal Blood Pressure as a Risk Factor of Hypertension in Korean Middle-aged Men.: Jong Myon Bae, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(4):513-525.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
'High-normal blood pressure' is a factor influencing decision to initiate targeted intensive intervention strategy in westernized populations. JNC-VI offered the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure', who could be early detected. As a hypertension seems to be the result of multiple genetic factors operating in concert with associated environmental factors, it will be necessary to identify the high-normal blood pressure as a risk factor of hypertension for applying primary prevention strategy in Korean people. METHODS: Although cohort study design might be adequate to recruit incidence cases, to keep time sequence of events, and to prevent information bias, nested case-control study was chosen for avoiding measurement errors because hypertension is a benign disease. Source population was the 'Seoul Cohort' participants and follow-up was done by using Korea Medical Insurance Corporation's database on the utilization of health services from 1Jan93 to 30Jun97. Incidence cases were ascertained through the chart review, telephone contacts, and direct blood pressure measurements. Controls included the pairing of 4 individuals to each case on the basis of age. RESULTS: As 75 % of 247 incident cases had high-normal blood pressure, the crude odds ratio for hypertension was 2.04 (95% CI 1.47-2.83). Another statistically significant risk factors of hypertension were body mass index, dietary fiber, alcohol consumption, weekly activity and history of quitting smoking. The multivariate odds ratio of high-normal blood pressure adjusted for all risk factors was 1.84 (95 % CI 1.31-2.56). Among high-normal blood pressure group, body mass index, weekly ethanol amounts, weekly physical activity, and dietary fiber except history of quitting smoking were still risk factors of hypertension. CONCLUSION: 'High-normal blood pressure' is a risk factor for hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, which represents that the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure' is need.; Summary

A Distribution of Waist-hip Ratio Associated with the Blood Pressure in Middle-aged Men.: Jong Myon Bae, Dae Sung Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(3):395-399.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Excess abdominal fat, expressed as an increased ratio of waist to hip circumferences (WHR), is independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure. Although a WHR greater than 1.0 in men has been shown to predict complications from obesity, the WHR has not been evaluated in all ethnic groups. METHODS: In order to ascertain the association between WHR and classification of blood pressure and to investigate the critical value of WHR as a predictive factor of hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, we compared the mean of WHRs according to the classification of blood pressure in Seoul Cohort participants. RESULTS: Through a survey of direct measurement of waist and hip girth, 452 subjects were recruited from the cohort. The mean of WHR was 0.88 and its standard deviation was 0.04. The mean of WHRs was higher in the systolic blood pressure group (above 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (above 90 mmHg), and hypertension group than in the systolic blood pressure group (below 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure group (below 90 mmHg), and normotensive group, respectively. And WHR of above 0.89 was associated with hypertension (z-value =6.66). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary for Korean males with WHR greater than 0.89 to recommend the primary prevention and early detection of hypertension.; Summary

A Cohort Study of Physical Activity and All Cause Mortality in Middle-aged Men in Seoul.: Dae Sung Kim, Hye Won Koo, Dong Hyon Kim, Jong Myon Bae, Myung Hee Shin, Moo Song Lee, Chung Min Lee, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(4):604-615.

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Abstract PDF: Although previous studies revealed the association of physical activity with mortality rate, it is unclear whether there is a linear trend between physical activity and mortality rate. In this study, the association of physical activity with the risk of all-cause mortality was analysed using Cox's proportional hazard model for a cohort of 14,204 healthy Korean men aged 40-59 years followed up for 4 years(Jan. 1993 - Dec. 1996). Physical activity and other life style were surveyed by a postal questionnaire in December 1992. Total of 14,204 subjects were grouped into quartiles by physical activity. Using death certificate data, 123 deaths were identified. The second most active quartile had a lowest mortality rate with relative risk of 0.44(95% C.I.: 0.23-0.84) compared with most sedentary quartile, showing a J-shape pattern of physical activity-mortality curve. By examining the difference in proportion of cause of the death between most active quartile and the other quartiles, there was no significant difference of proportional mortality from cardiovascular deaths, cerebrovascular deaths or deaths from trauma. The covariates were stratified into two group between which the trend of RR was compared to test the effect modification. There was no remarkable effect modification by alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index, calorie consumption, percent fat consumption. In conclusion, moderate activity was found to have more protective effect on all-cause mortality than vigorous activity and that the J-shape pattern of physical activity-mortality curve was not due to the difference of mortality pattern or effect modification by alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index, calorie consumption and percent fat consumption.; Summary

Reliability and validity study of a life style questionnaire for elderly people.: Byiung Joo Park, Dae Sung Kim, Hye Won Koo, Jong Myon Bae; Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(1):49-58.

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Abstract PDF: The study was done to determine the reliability and validity of a life style questionnaire for the elderly. The questionnaires were sent to 16,524 elderly people who were beneficiaries of Korean Medical Insurance Corporation in Pusan. Among the completed 9,139 questionnaires, 200 were randomly sampled and retested. Finally, 110 duplicates were collected. Weighted kappa-value and Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated to measure the reliability. Validity coefficient was estimated by using reliability coefficient. In self-self responses, reliability coefficients of the most of items were over 0.6 except some physical activity related item. Relatively high reliability was observed in smoking, alcohol related items and anthropometric items. In self-proxy responses, most of the physical activity related items were found to be less reliable than self-self responses. Smoking and alcohol related items were consistently reliable. Male showed higher validity in food related item than female. On the other hand, some of the physical activity related items and smoking and alcohol related items were less valid in male than female. With regard to bias of proxy respondents, offsprings tended to underestimate the frequency of 'house cleaning' and 'kitchen work' and overestimate the height of them. In conclusion, the life style questionnaire was found to be reliable in the most of items. But, some items related with physical activity were found to be somewhat less reliable. Sexual difference on the validity was identified in some items. With regard to bias of proxy respondents, offsprings tended to have bias in part of items of housework and anthropometry.; Summary

Reliability for Multiple Reviewers by using Loglinear Models.: Byung Joo Park, Sung Im Lee, Young Jo Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Ho Jang Kwon, Jong Myon Bae, Myung Hee Shin, Mi Na Ha, Sang Whan Han; Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):719-728.

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Abstract PDF: To guarantee the inter-reviewer reliability is very important in evaluating the quality of large number of clinical research papers by multiple reviewers. We cannot find reports on statistical methods for evaluating reliability for multiple raters in clinical research field. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the statistical methods focused on kappa statistic and five kinds of loglinear models for, which can be applied when evaluating the reliability of multiple raters. We have applied these methods to the result of a project, in which seven reviewers have evaluated the quality of 33 papers with regard to four aspects of paper contents including study hypothesis, study design, study population, study method, data analysis and interpretation. Among the five loglinear models including Symmetry model, Conditional symmetry model, Quasi-symmetry model, Independence model, and Quasi-independence model, Quasi-symmetry model shows the best model of fitting. And the level of reliability among seven reviewers revealed to be acceptable as meaningful.; Summary

Association of Liver Dysfunction with Self-Medication History in Korean Healthy Male Adults.: Jong Myon Bae, Byung Joo Park, Moo Song Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Shin, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(4):801-814.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Korean people could abuse healthy foods as well as medications, which might cause serious side effects. The aim of this study was elucidating liver dysfunction due to the self-medications of hepatotonics, healthy foods and herb medications by nested case-control study. METHODS: Study subjects were drawn from male members of seoul Cohort Study who were recruited by self-administered structured questionnaire survey through mailing to the healthy men between the age of 40 and 59 years through the program of biennial health check-up offered by Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). The liver dysfunction was defined as the level of serum AST and ALT above 40 IU/L and increased in more than one hundred per-cent during the 2 year follow-up period. To estimate the odds ratio between self-medication and liver dysfunction after controlling for potential confounders, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 30 members were identified to fit into case criteria and 2,625 members were selected as control. In logistic regression analyses, history of healthy foods intake, age under 45 years, obesity, and habit of regular exercise were significantly associated with liver dysfunction. The following factors exhibited no statistical significance: intake of hepatotonics, of herb medicine; history of disease in family, of operation, and of radiologic examination; smoking habits and drinking amounts. CONCLUSION: The significant association between the intake of healthy foods and the liver dysfunction illustrates that chronically optional overuse of healthy foods might bring to hazards to health. As the increasing trend of the size of purchasing healthy foods in Korea, pharmacoepidemiologic studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of the widely used healthy foods should be performed in the near future.; Summary

Survey Methods on Cancer Epidemic.: Byung Joo Park, Jong Myon Bae, Yoon Ok Ahn, Keun Young Yoo; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(3):411-424.

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Abstract PDF: The survey methods for confirming the epidemicity and identifying the possible causes of the cancer epidemic can be different from those for infectious diseases. The procedure for confirming whether the outbreak is epidemic or not is quite different. Household survey for identifying cancer cases and residents actually living at the area should be done. Hospital survey for medical record review should be performed to identify all cancer cases among the residents of the outbreak area and confirming the final diagnoses of the cancer cases. Comparing the level of cancer incidence or mortality with other areas can be done by using poison distribution, or calculating SIR (standard Incidence Ratio) from cumulative incidence rates. Case-control study can be conducted to identify the etiologic factors of the cancer epidemic and to establish strategy for preventing further recurrence of the outbreak.; Summary

Association of Stress Level with Smoking Amounts among University Students.: Jong Myon Bae, Yoon Ok Ahn, Byung Joo Park; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(1):1-10.

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to assess the degree of association between individual stress and the amount of smoking among male senior students of a medical college. The questionnaire survey was conducted twice for collecting the data on stress level in terms of BEPSl score, smoking amounts, alcohol intake, and residence type in 1992 and 1993. Among the 223 responders, 39.9% were smokers. In the smokers, the association between stress level and smoking amount was significant after controlling for alcohol intake and residence type (P < 0.l). Especially in the group of living without family, the association was more significant (p=0.06). Therefore, it is recommendable that the stress management program is called upon for the student smokers to reduce smoking amount.; Summary

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